Contents
1 The concept of operating systems
2 types of operating systems
3 functions of the operating system
4 video language of computers and phones
Operating systems concept
Operating systems are defined as the software systems in
which all software and programs operate, such as: Internet browsers, media
programs, text-editing programs, and other well-known programs. These systems
manage the computer's memory and the processes performed on it; Without it, the
computer will not be of any use at all, and operating systems are usually
downloaded to any device before purchasing it. The computer needs an operating
system to function fully, and operating systems can also be defined as programs
of a special nature that serve as an official interface between the user and
the components of the computer. [1]
Types of operating systems
Operating systems vary due to several reasons; They differ
among themselves in terms of operating methods, display, components, and the
purpose of their use, and also differ according to the novelty of the device
used, but the most prominent feature that distinguishes one system from another
is the so-called official interface (GUI); These interfaces allow the user to
use the mouse for direction, different menus, and display everything on the
screen, whether graphics or text and others, and each operating system has a
different interface in shape, appearance, and method of use, and there are many
computer operating systems, but there are three programs that are the most
popular Among others, they are: Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. [2]
Operating systems have witnessed great development over time, and Windows is
the most popular computer system undisputedly, as the majority of users deal
with devices with advanced Windows systems, while Android and iOS dominate
phone operating systems, and Android is more widespread due to its use in
phones. Many companies, while the iOS system is used for Apple phones. [2]
DOS
The disk operating
system, DOS, is the first operating system used for computer interfaces. It was
produced by (IBM) in 1981 AD. Computers needed operating systems due to the
spread of personal computers, and the necessity of an operating system that manages
the computer and facilitates its use; The DOS system appeared, which works
using text-based interfaces, which give different simple instructions and
commands, and these commands are sent and received by the program in the form
of letters and symbols. [3] The DOS operating system is distinguished,
especially at the time of its release; As follows: [3] Free operating system.
It helps in managing files with high efficiency, due to its light weight and
small size. Download files from the hard drive to the main memory quickly and
efficiently.
Because DOS is old and primitive, the program has many
drawbacks; Notably the following: [3]
- There are no multiple tasks for him.
- It does not support the automatic operating system; That is, each command must be typed by the user
- Its RAM does not exceed 640 MB.
Windows
Windows is one of the most famous and prominent operating
systems for computers, and it is the most widely used operating system around
the world; Because of its simplicity and ease of use, the first version of this
program appeared in 1985 AD by Microsoft Corporation; It was initially an
auxiliary graphic panel for writing commands in the DOS system, and in 1995,
the first independent system for this company appeared with the aim of fully
controlling the computer operating system without the need for manual entry for
each command, in addition to creating a new addition that was not available
before him; They play video and video games. [4] After the release of the first
standalone operating system in 1995, many versions of Windows were released
over the years; The most prominent of these publications, in chronological
order, are the following: [4]
- Windows 98
- Windows 2000
- Windows XP
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Windows 10
The Windows system completely controls all the interfaces and
software of the computer, and this system has a lot of features; The most
important of them are the following: [5]
simplicity of use; It can simply be used by anyone.
high productivity; It
can produce databases, presentations, files and other commands.
The best gaming operating system.
Update the program automatically.
Great and endless
support for any problem faced by the user by Microsoft, the manufacturer.
Linux (LINUX)
The Linux operating system (LINUX) is one of the most popular
and used among the operating systems, and it is similar to how Windows works,
but it is an open system; That is, it allows users to access all computer
hardware and system applications to implement and modify the process, and what
distinguishes it is that no single company is responsible for its development,
but rather depends on the collaborative development system between companies.
[6]
The Linux system (LINUX) has many characteristics, including
the following: [6]
- Complimentary.
- Easy to install.
- open source; That is, the system can be modified with ease, unlike Windows.
- It is difficult to hack and transmit viruses to it.
- This system is used in particular in many tasks; Notably the following: [6]
- Troubleshoot other computers and try to fix them.
- Building and hosting websites.
- Create network servers at cheap cost.
Mac
The Mac operating system (Mac OS) is an old system, it was
released by the American Mac company, in 1984 AD, and it was based on the
graphic system unlike other systems, but now, after the acquisition of (Apple
Inc) on the system, it has become primarily intended for Apple Macintosh
devices. Tablets and mobile devices, and the system controls the interface of
these devices, and the operation, updating and development of applications. [7]
There are many features and features available in the Mac
system (Mac OS); Notably the following: [8]
- The interface is simpler than most other operating systems.
- An integrated operating system that covers all the needs of users of Apple device systems. High protection from intrusion and viruses.
- It offers a lot of free applications included with the system.
- Android The Android operating system was released for the first time in 2008 by Google, and it is one of the most popular operating systems for smartphones and tablets.
- Free applications that can be downloaded by the user. [9]
- The Android system has a large number of features; The most prominent of them are the following: [10]
- Permanent development of the system, its programs and applications.
- Download applications from outside the Google Play Store that came with the system.
- The ability to expand the memory attached to the system. It has many auxiliary media applications, such as calendar, weather, memo, and other useful
- applications.
iOS
IOS is known as a special
mobile operating system that runs on Apple's mobile devices, desktops, laptops
and tablets, and it is the second largest operating system in the world with
13.4% of users after the first Android system in the world, and its operating
system is similar to the Mac and Android systems , but the profile data can
only be accessed and modified by the designers of the system. [11]
The famous iOS system has many features; Notably the
following: [12]
- The system interface is easy to use.
- The system store has more than 1.2 million applications. Safe and stable operating system.
- High quality of the image captured by devices that operate this system.
- multilingual system; That is, it can be downloaded by choosing any famous language from the world's languages.
Haiku
The Haiku operating system is one of the modern open source
systems that uses the NewOS operating system, which began to be used in 2001
under the name (OpenBeOS), and this system has several advantages that we list
as follows: [13]
- Open source and free.
- easy to use.
- A powerful operating system that is difficult to disable. fast system.
Chrome
OS Chrome OS is a type of specialized operating system; It
relies on the Chrome system and applications only, and its programming depends
on the characteristics of the Linux kernels. It was first released on June 15,
2011 by Gentoo Linux, and it was developed by Google. This system was made and
developed specifically for ChromeBooks, but it can be used on other computers.
[14]
- Chrome OS has many features, which are as follows: [14]
- Very powerful operating system.
- Free system. Free storage space of about 100 GB.
- very lite.
- Support for Android applications.
MENUET
The MENUET operating system is one of the least space systems
in the world of operating systems; It is only about 1.44 MB of storage space
for the device, and it is a simple operating system that was programmed by the
assembly language from the programmer (Ville Turjanmaa), and it can be
downloaded and used for any device and with another operating system, but the
system cannot be modified; The source code is closed to the public, and this
programming is still under development until now. [15]
System (eComStation)
The eComStation system is the least well-known operating
system. It was created by Microsoft and IBM. After Microsoft abandoned this
system, IBM developed it, [16] but this system has several drawbacks that made
it one of the least popular operating systems, Perhaps the most prominent of
them are the following: [17]
- slow system.
- It consumes a large amount of device memory. not free.
TAILS
The Tails operating
system is one of the unique and different systems from the rest of the
operating systems. It can be downloaded to the hard disk of the device; Rather,
it works automatically from an external hard disk that contains this system,
and this increases privacy and security. [18]
Operating System Functions
The operating system performs many of the functions that make
the use of a computer possible for humans; Since the computer language is not
similar to the language of humans, and dealing with it requires a programming
language that plays the role of a mediator between the user and the computer
with its various components, and these functions are summarized as follows: [2]
- The operating system executes various programs and applications.
- Performs input and output operations, such as: dealing with the keyboard, screen, and sound.
- Corrects software errors that occur during the implementation of various processes and software.
- It handles special system files and regulates the use of computer components.
Computer and phone
language video
What is the means of communication between the computer and
the user? What are the most popular operating systems for computers and phones
around the world? Operating systems are a set of high-quality software designed
by professionals and design experts, and the importance of operating systems is
numerous; It is that it controls the electronic devices, and facilitates the
use of the various tools in them, it is not possible to use any computer or
phone without an operating system; It is not possible to open and use any
program and application without using the appropriate operating system.